![]() The amount of loss a signal can incur is twofold dependent on the 1- the frequency/wavelength of the signal, and, 2- the distance from the point reference traveled by the signal (e.g., distance from the transmitter). ![]() To limit the impact of potential in-band interference by unwanted signals, keep transmitter power levels low and use the most directive antenna for the target application (i.e., semi-directional sectors instead of omni-directional antennas). Link Power Budgets consider TX/RX antenna gain and TX power as ways to compensate for path loss.įor this reason, lower frequency signals are particularly susceptible to in-band interference from neighbor networks, as signals may 'over-propagate' beyond the desired coverage area. Conversely, short distance links with ultra high-throughput favor higher frequency links like airFiber 24 GHz. Imagine a light bulb in free space, light spreads out more or less equally in all directions. For this reason, outdoor wireless networks favor 5 GHz PtP backhaul, since path loss and EIRP are favorably-balanced for ultra-long distance links. We can easily predict the free space loss from the well known equation: Free Space Loss 32.45 + 20log(d) + 20log(f) dB (where d is in km and f is in MHz) - it is important to understand where this comes from. While true of all radio signals, higher frequency signals (e.g., 5 GHz) undergo greater path loss compared to lower frequency signals (e.g., 2.4 GHz). Path loss explains that as a signal propagates through space, it expands outward, resulting in a reduction in power levels. ![]() As a radio signal leaves the transmitter antenna, it undergoes a phenomenon known as Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) or Path Loss.
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